Archive for July, 2008

More Referrals, More Sales

Thursday, July 10th, 2008

The perpetual question in every American mind is “what’s in it for me right now?” The more frequently you answer that question, the more contribution you make to others, the more they are attracted to, the more referrals they give you and the richer you get. Let’s explore examples of our failure to answer that question and why so many financial advisors and other professionals don’t earn what they would like to earn.

I meet advisors who do seminars about the “stretch” IRA. This proper IRA structure simply insures that the IRA beneficiary will be able to defer the IRA distributions over their life expectancy. My question is, “what’s in it for the prospect, the parent?” Sure, if their child’s financial wealth is the parent’s priority, then the seminar attendee, the parent, will have an interest in the stretch IRA. But if their own financial well being is paramount, do they care about helping their kids stretch out the kid’s tax bill?

When you discuss estate planning, isn’t it really about buying a life insurance policy to pay estate taxes? Since the people who receive your proposal will be dead when the estate taxes are due, what’s in it for them to buy life insurance? What’s in it for them to give you $30,000 a year now so their kids can easily pay a million dollar estate tax bill later?

When you call a local CPA to explain how you help people secure their future using long-term care insurance, is your offer to meet and explain this further so that he can pass this message on to his clients–and then refer them to you? What’s in it for the CPA?

People act in their own best interest and if your proposals continue to focus on any other objective, you will serve fewer people, get fewer referrals and you will earn far less than you should. Remember—you don’t serve what people need, you serve what they want.

If you want to have more clients with large IRAs, then why not talk about how to pay less tax on the IRA (by timing distributions to take advantage of lower tax brackets or by rolling assets to a qualified plan where a life insurance policy can be purchased on a pre-tax basis). The income tax savings accrue to your prospect directly and it’s clear what’s in it for them.

If you discuss estate planning, discussions of CRTs, gift annuities, advance directives, and power of attorney designations are all issues that provide a direct benefit to your prospect in the form of income tax savings or being cared for in the event of their illness or disability. The personal payoff is clear.

When you call another professional for the possibility of cultivating a referral source, how about starting the conversation as follows: “Stu, my name is Bob Richards and I have a large financial planning practice here in town. Many of my clients ask me to recommend an accountant and I am seeking to meet accountants that I can refer them to. Can I take you to lunch next week and find out about your business and if these clients would be suitable for you?” The accountant’s payoff for lunching with you is clear as day.

So how much time do you devote to conversations where:

There is no direct, certain and obvious payoff for the prospect
The payoff is for someone other than the prospect
The payoff is for you

You’ll be even more successful when you answer the more refined question, “what’s in it for me right now?” Let’s address this immediacy issue in the post of July 11.

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Branding Yourself is Nonsense

Wednesday, July 9th, 2008

Professionals new to marketing make the mistake of taking their cues from big business. Don’t market or advertise your services as big businesses do as your context is not the same. The main issues hinge on the difference between “push and pull” and “branding.”

Push and Pull

Large companies use the “pull” method of marketing. General Motors runs ads to make their cars look enticing to pull you into the dealership to take a test drive. Intel advertises “Intel inside” in order to have you come to the computer dealer and ask for an Intel machine. This type of advertising to be effective takes A LOT of money. You don’t have that much. You cannot run full page ads in your daily newspaper day after day to generate sufficient business. Even if you did, it would be a very inefficient use of your money.

For your context, you want to “push” people to you. “Push” technologies include:

  • Cold calls
  • Seminars
  • Direct Mail
  • Use of telemarketers
  • Networking

Notice that pull marketing is passive: the advertiser runs the ad and hopes for something to happen. Push marketing does not leave things to chance. You make direct contact with the prospect and push them into action. The cost of this marketing is lower than pull marketing and more cost effective.

Direct Response vs. Branding

There has been much written and talked about in the last 15 years about “branding yourself.” Frankly, this is promoted by people who make money by selling you branding items: brochures, radio ads, newspaper ads, etc. Do not waste money on branding activities. It will cost you a lot and produce very low results. You want to focus your marketing on direct response activities. Direct Response means that:

  1. You always ask the prospect to respond to your marketing
  2. You can always measure the result and profitability of a campaign

When you are sold a branding ad in the newspaper, the seller will always tell you that you cannot measure it directly because you don’t know how many people saw your ad and the “cumulative build up” of name recognition. This is simply an argument to keep you advertising and the seller making commission. If instead, you run a direct response ad, an ad offering a free booklet “Six Strategies to Cut Taxes Your CPA Never Mentioned,” you can count the number of calls you get. You can now calculate your cost per prospect, factor in your conversion rate to clients and then calculate your cost and profit per new client to determine the profitability of this ad campaign.

Use push not pull. Forget about branding and make direct response your mantra.

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How to Obliterate Buyer Procrastination

Wednesday, July 9th, 2008

Buyers procrastinate. They are programmed to do so. Many sales professionals will try and overcome this with urgency by giving the prospect three reasons why they must buy now. This tactic will not work until you understand why prospects procrastinate and then you can deal with it effectively and make a sale.

Many things we do as humans we inherit—our genetics. One of the genes we inherit is the “caveman gene.” As cavemen, we learned to stay in the cave as much as possible because if we ventured out of the cave, the danger was great, as we could get eaten by lions or tigers or bears (oh my).

So we developed a strategy for survival. We stayed in the cave until it was absolutely essential, a matter of survival, to leave the cave. We left the cave only to make a kill for food. Our simple strategy became, “If I am comfortable or in minor discomfort, I will stay in the cave where I am safe. I will venture out of the cave only if I am about to die of starvation.” The modern mans’ version of this strategy is, “I will maintain the status quo as long as I am not too uncomfortable. I will change the status quo only if I am very uncomfortable.”

So you make a presentation to your buyer. He is genetically programmed by the caveman gene not to buy, to procrastinate, because to buy would be a change in his status quo. He is fearful on buying (i.e. leaving the cave) because such an action is dangerous while the status quo is not too uncomfortable. So you try and turn up the heat as your prospect procrastinates, making him even more uncomfortable. This insures he won’t buy.

Just the opposite tactic is what you want to employ. Your buyer procrastinates out of fear of making a mistake (getting killed in caveman days). In order to get him to leave the cave (buy), you want to show your prospect how safe it is to proceed. You want to calm your prospect and give him assurance, through evidence, testimonials or emotional appeal. The last thing you want to do is make your prospect more anxious and increase his emotional stress.

So the conversation may sound like this (S=seller, P=prospect):

S: Bob, it sounds like you have some uncertainly. I don’t want you to do anything that does not feel right. What is your concern?
P: The state of the markets are really treacherous with inflation, the credit crunch, the sup-prime crisis. I am just very nervous about buying in such an uncertain period.
S: That makes sense to me that the current environment makes you nervous. How do you think investors felt during the depression or in the middle of World War II or when we had the lines at the gas pumps in 1974?
P: I’ll bet they were freaked.
S: And in each case, the people that did invest when the markets were down because of this worry, how did they do with their investments when they looked back 10 years later?
P: I think they probably did pretty well. I know that the markets did really well the 10 years following World War II.
S: So what lesson can you glean about investing and the best time to invest?
P: I guess its best to invest when the markets are down. I’m just so nervous about doing so.
S: Understandably. But do you think that people who make money with their investments make money by using their head or allowing their emotions to hijack their actions?
P: I should likely use my head.
S: So what should we do next?

As we see from the above dialog, the seller allows the prospect to gain some calm by gaining some perspective on his decision. Additionally, as explained in a previous post, the seller does not tell the prospect anything. The seller asks questions and allows the prospect to see the right course of action.

Our procrastinator is now sufficiently calm to proceed.

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People Buy for Only One Reason

Tuesday, July 8th, 2008

People buy your product when the perceived value is greater than the cost. They won’t buy when the value is equal to or slightly greater than the cost. The difference between value and cost needs to be LARGE. That perceived difference typically has little to do with the product and more to do with your presentation. That’s why the best copywriters get paid more than $1 million a year for creating killer ads and that’s why million dollar producers earn millions a year for making killer sales presentations. How do you create maximum value and make a killer sales presentation?

You create value by having the prospect see that your product matches with their important goals.

You won’t do that by explaining or telling the features and benefits of your product. You do that my first asking questions and determining what’s really important to your prospect. The “really important” stuff does not sound like “making more money” or “savings taxes” or “lowering costs.” The really important stuff sounds like “taking care of my family” and “taking my grandchildren to Hawaii” and “being a responsible father.” If you don’t find out what’s really important to prospects, then don’t plan on being a million dollar producer.

Here’s what an insurance sales conversation sounds like by a million dollar producer (P=prospect, A=Agent).

P: I don’t really know why we agreed to meet with you. We really can’t afford any insurance.
A: I do help people get enough insurance but that’s not really what I wanted to talk with you about. Before I explain that, let me ask you a question. Since we are not going to talk about insurance, why did you set this time to meet?
P: I’m not sure; I guess you might have something useful to tell us.
A: About what?
P: About how to handle our money better.
A: Why, do you feel it’s not handled well now?
P: Well, I make a good living but it always seems we are behind, never able to do the things we want to do or are important, like get enough insurance.
A: Do you think that everyone has priorities?
P: Yes.
A: What are yours?
P: That confuses me sometimes.
A: Really? Is that your new BMW in the driveway?
P: Yes.
A: Do you have a loan on it?
P: Yes
A: Well, then I guess your priorities are clear. You have decided to put your family in debt and use your limited cash in order to drive a new German automobile instead of those things you previously alluded to as being important. Would you agree that people set their priorities with their checkbook?
P: Yes. And I don’t really feel good about it.
A: I think you do or you wouldn’t have bought the car. Do you notice that people do what makes them feel good today?
P: Sure
A: do you think this leads to the best decisions?
P: No, not at all, I think it’s a little immature.
A: What do you think is mature?
P: Making decisions based on the long run and those things that are really important
A: What’s really important to you?
P: The health of my family, being able to send my kids to good schools, making sure they are happy and protecting them
A: Do you feel you have made those things a priority—is the BMW consistent with that?
P: No.
A: Would you like to get on track and start living consistent with your priorities and making financial decisions consistent with them?
P: Yes.
A: Where do you think you should start?
P: Well, I know I need to start placing money in a college fund and I know I don’t have enough insurance should anything happen to me.
A: And god forbid you become disabled; are those you love protected?
P: I’m not sure if I have enough of that protection through work.
A: You tell me. If I could help you with the items you just mentioned so that you start making financial decisions consistent with your visions for your family, those things that are priorities and living the vision of being a responsible father that you have for yourself, would that be valuable for you?
P: Yes, that would be unbelievable.

At this point, the sale is made. The conversations that occur hereafter are mechanical. The prospect now desires to make a change. The product features are close to irrelevant because the prospect has made an emotional commitment. And the sale is not about insurance or anything about the product. The sale, when concluded by a master, is always about something important to the prospect because the prospect will ALWAYS buy that.

It’s amazing that every new recruit is told that “people buy emotionally” and then is immediately taught to sell logically using features and benefits. The dialog above is the true definition of selling that makes a difference:

  • Selling is the asking of appropriate questions so that prospect sees the correct course of action for himself
  • Selling is enrolling the prospect in their own vision
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Fee Based Accounts Will Not Protect Your Income During a Bear Market

Thursday, July 3rd, 2008

During the last several years, financial firms and professionals have become enamored with generating fees as opposed to commissions. The thinking goes something like this: let’s gather assets and then charge an annual management fee. This will insulate our revenue stream from down markets because we will have this continuous revenue. We have seen our commission revenues drop during past bear markets and this must be the answer.

But the distinction that by changing the way we charge clients will alter the revenue stream is false. This is not widely recognized yet, because we have not experienced a bear market since this mania to fee-based accounts has gained momentum. Do you think that clients will willingly pay your fee each quarter when their account value keeps declining? For this reason, a fee revenue stream is even riskier than a revenue stream based on commissions. Clients will in fact be as fast to close their accounts whether they are paying for a fee-based account or by commissions.

Let’s take an example. The last real bear market in the fall of 1987. I was working on a commission basis in a securities firm. I opened more new accounts during that quarter and gathered many new clients. This success is counter to the traditional wisdom that commissions business dries up during a bear market, as it does for most advisors. Why?

Because the average commission-based advisor is selling a product that depends on its public attractiveness. In other words, if you are a stock pusher, during a bear market, your sales dry up. How do your avoid this? You cease your product orientation, i.e. selling stocks and employ a client orientation, i.e. sell what people want.

In the last quarter of 1987, equity buyers were shell-shocked. It was obvious to me that they were not going to want stocks, but the conservative nature of bonds (many of which paid 10-12% then) would be very attractive. So I eliminated the word stock from my vocabulary and became a bond salesman. I sold millions and millions of Safeway bonds at 11.75%. The beauty of being in retail financial sales is that you have a product readily available for any market. You always have a product that the public wants. If inflation rears its head again, you can make a fortune selling gold stocks and gold mutual funds. If deflation occurs, long term, high quality fixed income instruments will rule.

The challenge is to realize that your job is NOT to sell product. It’s to determine what the public wants and help them have it. When you do that successfully, fees vs. commissions becomes an irrelevant issue. The public does not buy from you based on how you charge. They buy from you when they see more value in doing business with you than not doing business with you.

Therefore, the idea that fees or commissions are a determinant of your personal business success or your firm’s success is false. This will become obvious during the next bear market when everyone has jumped on the fee-based wagon thinking it’s the panacea to the ups and downs of the markets. Clients will become dissatisfied with their returns and close their accounts. Then you’ll be stuck in your fee-based/equity-based mind set with no way to generate new revenues.

Let’s look at the evidence. Mutual funds are fee-based accounts. How long does the average client own them? Here’s a quote from Dalbar’s study of fund investor behavior:
“Despite the proliferation of educational materials and media coverage regarding the benefits of holding mutual funds for the long term, the average investor still holds their funds only 3 years, the same as in 1984.”

I might add that since 1984, we have seen an explosion of no-load fund offerings–pure fee-based opportunities. Yet, investor behavior has remained the same: they are fickle and impatient and run their portfolios by emotion.

Once we all realize that, the distinction of how we charge the client will fall from the limelight. We will turn our attention to the messy psychological core of this business: how to master client-focused, emotionally-centered marketing.

[1] http://www.dalbar.com/quantitative_analysis.shtml

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Say Goodbye to Clients

Thursday, July 3rd, 2008

If you don’t have an aggressive financial advisor marketing plan to keep clients, you will lose them.

In the past, marketing plans were all about how to get clients. But now, there are several factors which force you to focus on client retention or else they will say “bye bye.” The factors are:

  1. The level of trust in financial professionals has eroded due to questionable ethics on Wall Street (e.g. the ten largest brokerage firms admitting they peddled crap stocks during the dot come era and paid $1.4 billion in fines, the mutual fund scandal where institutional interests were placed above the individual shareholder interests, company CEOs treating corporate assets as their own financial play ground–e.g. Dennis Koslowski, Bernie Ebbers, Ken Lay).
  2. Failure of investors to make money. The Dow was about the same level as it is today in March of 2001. So many people had big losses from the dot com bust and have never earned it back.
  3. Failure by you to add value. If all you provide is information (i.e., you explain to people how products work–a features and benefits conversation) and do not provide insight (the act of creatively matching clients personal desires with financial solutions), clients will perceive no value so why should they remain loyal?
  4. And the most persistent and easily remedied reason of all, as Spectrem Group has reiterated in a recent survey (Financial Planning May 2008): the most common reason that clients leave their advisor is lack of contact.

Therefore, you need a marketing plan for client retention. That marketing plan could look like the following:

  1. make sure every client call is returned within 12 hours
  2. make personal contact with every client every 90 days by phone or in person
  3. make contact every 30 days via newsletter or postcard or letter
  4. have 2 client events per year–barbeque in July and holiday party in December
  5. create a webinar every 3 months and post on your web site explaining what is happening in the economy and how it impacts your clients.

There are services that can make implementation of such a marketing plan for client retention easier. But the best part is, you may be able to tear up your financial advisor marketing plan to gain clients when you start getting a continuous flow of referrals by treating clients appropriately.

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How Financial Advisors Prosper From A Bear Market

Tuesday, July 1st, 2008

Many financial advisors have a knee-jerk negative reaction to a bear market. Securities firms commissions drop, brokers paychecks fall and the layoff of back office staff begins. This insanity repeats itself because brokers have failed to look at the underlying opportunities created by bear markets. In this article we will cover four of those opportunities.

You’ve Got More Prospects than Clients in a Bear Market
The negative reaction to bear markets is created by the broker’s concern of his existing clients losing money. Let’s assume you have 300 clients. You probably have a 10,000 prospects. By prospects, I mean all the people in your local area that meet your criteria for a new client and could potentially do business with you. Therefore, you have many more prospects than clients. In other words, your future is potentially brighter than your present.

Those10,000 prospects are now the clients of another financial advisor. These clients are getting less happy as a bear market progresses and are more inclined to make a change of advisers (you’re the broker in the “white hat” because you haven’t done anything wrong yet). That’s very good for you. So while a bear market robs net worth from your existing clients, it creates a lot more motivated prospects that you can gain as new clients. Bear markets are an opportunity to open more new accounts than ever. In the three months following the 1987 market crash, I opened up 100 new accounts. What I did was simple.

The word “stock” became a dirty word during the bear market. So I had the good sense not to prospect with stocks but rather used bonds. At that time, Safeway had bonds yielding 11.75%. I called people age 60 and over and said “Mrs. Jones, the reason I’m calling is because Safeway is offering bonds that pay 11.75%. Do you ever shop there? They would of course answer “Yes.” “Well,” I said, “you’ve probably given them plenty of your money over the years, how would you like to have some of theirs?” I opened 100 new accounts.

The Fallacy of Perceiving Bear Markets as Bad
Your aversion to bear markets may stem from the fact that you view gaining new clients more difficult than keeping your existing clients. That’s simply a function of your false scarcity mentality. There is, in reality, no scarcity of qualified prospects. As an analogy, ask any investment banker if there was any of scarcity of money for investment in companies with no revenues and no earnings. The banker knows that money is abundant and all that’s required is a good story. Similarly, prospects and new clients are abundant and any other perception is simply inaccurate.

Because you view clients as scarce, you can create more damage to your existing book during a bear market than is necessary. All along, you’ve been telling your clients to take the long term view. If you now react to the short term fluctuations, you appear to be talking out of both sides of your mouth, you appear to have no conviction and you appear far less trustworthy in the eyes of your clients. Now more than ever you must reiterate your long term philosophy. If you don’t, you are guilty of the same criticism you have about most investors and their short-term orientation.

The Opportunity to Become a Better Money Manager
Bear markets are an opportunity for self education. If you’ve been a momentum investor, you now get to fully understand the ramifications of that methodology. These declines give you an opportunity to see if your strategies and philosophies are appropriate in all types of markets and whether you’ve selected the right types of clients.

My revenue never declined from existing clients during bear periods. I had each client on a system. They either paid an annual fee or they were on a system which required annual re-balancing and the constant flow of commissions each year. Brokers whose earnings decline in bear markets have their clients on a trading system (often called the shoot-from-the hip-system) which is bad for the client and bad for the broker. Time to clean up your act.

Your Clients Are Finally Ready to Listen
If you find that your clients are oriented toward the short-term no matter what you say, try this analogy with a client: “Joe, you have grandchildren don’t you?” “Have you ever babysat for them when their mother went on an errand? The child asks when will mommy be back.” You say, “in about an hour.” Then five minutes later your grandchild says, “has it been an hour yet?” That’s the same way adults act with the stock market. Rather than looking at the performance of their portfolio over years, which is the appropriate time frame for stock investing, they keep looking at their portfolio day to day and even minute to minute. “Has it been an hour yet?”

If you have younger clients you simply need to teach them as follows. Ask any client that’s 40-years-old if they will be investing more money during the rest of their life than they have already invested. If they say of course, then point out that bear markets are a huge buying opportunity with stocks on sale. Therefore, market declines help them more than hurt them because the bulk of their money is yet to be invested, at bargain prices. If you have clients dollar cost averaging, show them the example below which illustrates that dollar cost averaging benefits by higher volatility (over time, dollar cost averaging accumulates more shares from a volatile market than a stable market).

Dollar Cost Averaging—Volatile Market

Investment Month Price (changes 10% from start each month) Shares Purchased
$100 January $10 10
$100 February $11 9.09
$100 March $9 11.11
$100 April $11 9.09
$100 May $9 11.11
$500 (total investment) $10 (average price for period) 50.4 (total shares accumulated)

Dollar Cost Averaging—Stable Market

Investment Month Price Shares Purchased
$100 January $10 10
$100 February $10 10
$100 March $10 10
$100 April $10 10
$100 May $10 10
$500 (total investment) $10 (average price for period) 50 (total shares accumulated)

Bear markets are a great opportunity to take in new clients, orient your accounts to more stable investment methodologies and focus your business to capture the greatest profits yet to come.

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Why Doctors, Lawyers and CPAs Don't Grovel For Business

Tuesday, July 1st, 2008

Professionals don;t need to grovel for business and spend 50% of their time prospecting but I see many financial professionals groveling for business. They call the same prospect back a number of times, they study sales techniques and closing techniques, attend motivational seminars and buy motivational tapes. They attend seminars to learn how to get more referrals from their clients. All this activity to get more clients. Does your doctor do this? Does your CPA do this to get more clients?

So why don’t the other professionals work so hard to get more clients? Here’s the Zen paradox–they get more clients because they are less covetous of clients. Let me explain.

It’s my experience that the average retail financial professional tries to hold onto every piece of business. Instead of introducing their client to a long term care expert, they attempt to learn what they can about long term care, make a half-baked presentation, and don’t get the sale. Or they have a client that says, “My company needs a 401k plan–can you help me?” “No problem,” says the advisor, thinking they will need to read a book on 401k plans that night.

Notice that doctors and attorneys do not practice the same behavior. They refer business like crazy to each other. They realize that some people specialize in particular areas and they send the business to their peers. For example, when you have a serious ear infection, your general practitioner will send you to an ear, nose and throat specialist. Fortunately, your doctor draws the line on his knowledge and does not attempt to exceed his expertise. Similarly, a business attorney will refer you to an estate planning attorney to have a trust prepared.

Financial professionals however, are often short-sighted, want to keep all the business for themselves and rarely refer business to a peer. In other words, people in financial services are plagued with a scarcity mentality.

The scarcity mentality makes them afraid that they do not know where the next client will come from so they need to do all the business with a prospect in hand. So financial producers subscribe to edicts such as

· Don’t leave until you are told “no” six times
· Be persistent
· Try the alternate choice close

Until we cease the scarcity mentality and stop these sales tactics, the public will not consider stockbrokers and insurance agents professionals. Financial producers do NOT share the same public stature as doctors and attorneys and will not until they start treating their peers as colleagues rather than competitors.

So what can you do? Get into relationships with other professionals whose expertise complements your own. Make sure they also share the mentality that “we can all make more by making the pie bigger” rather than worrying how to carve up a pie of fixed size.

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